THE FLOW OF DATA....??????

The mapping of the flow of data

1

1.Linear bus

 

 

• continuos length of cable that connects TWO or MORE device together

BUS = backbone network

• Only ONE computer can transfer info at a time
• The info moves through the entire length of a cable
• each END of the cable must have a terminator.
• device that absorbs the signals transmitted on a network cable

prevents signals from being bounced back along the cable and causing interference...

advantages

1. simple
2. Each computer is connected to a single length of cable
3. often connected to a small area (office)

disadvantages

1. expansion is exisiting can be difficult ! > cable must be broken to extend the cable and attach to the additional computer
2. thus, other computer cannot exchange info
3. if the computer is MALFUNCTIONING and causing problem on the cable > entire network will be infected !
4. expensive ! most use a single piece of copper cable to connect its computers together

2.star

• central point on the network = HUB
• currently connectd to 4, 8 or 16 computers
• length between computers cable and hub must be LESS than 100m

advantages

1. easy as long as there is a FREE port on the HUB
2. no need to shut down when adding another computers
3. when error occured, other computers not affected !

disadvantage

1. hub fails = information can no longer transfer from one computer to another
2. the COST is more implement than other types of network
3. LARGE amount of cable is used because computer on the network must be independently connected to the hub

3.RING

• travels in ONE direction only
• information in transfer located next to it
• if it is not adress to the computer.then info will send to the next computer and so on
• there is no beginning and end

Advantages

1. This type of network topology is very organized. Each node gets to send the data when it receives an empty token. This helps to reduces chances of collision. Also in ring topology all the traffic flows in only one direction at very high speed.
2. Even when the load on the network increases, its performance is better than that of Bus topology.
3. There is no need for network server to control the connectivity between workstations.
4. Additional components do not affect the performance of network.
5. Each computer has equal access to resources.

Disadvantages

1. Each packet of data must pass through all the computers between source and destination. This makes it slower than Star topology.
2. If one workstation or port goes down, the entire network gets affected.
3. Network is highly dependent on the wire which connects different components.
4. MAU’s and network cards are expensive as compared to Ethernet cards and hubs.

4.TREE

•  Same with star and linear bus

• One type of star topology
• Also have terminator
• Hybrid(combine of 2 topology)

Advantage

1. Point to point for individual segments

Disadvantages

1. More difficult to configure and wire
2. Backbone line break,the intire segment goes down

WEB BROSER?????

WHAT IS WEB BROWSER?????

               Web Broser is a software application that enables a user to display and interact with text, images, and other information typically located on a web page at a website on the World Wide Web or a local area network.

Examples of web browser::

1. Mozilla Firefox,
2. Apple Safari
3. Netscape
4. Opera
5. Microsoft Internet Explorer and so on..

Functional Management Information System (MIS)

Functional Management Information System (MIS)

             Management information systems provide decision-makers information and feedback on daily operations. Additionally, management information systems can be used strategically, often incorporating Web technology.

Marketing MIS: Marketing Management Information System (MIS) supports managerial activities in product development, distribution, pricing decisions, promotional effectiveness and sales forecasting.

Overview of Marketing Management Information System (MIS)

Inputs to Marketing MIS

1. Strategic plan and corporate policies
2. The TPS (Transaction Processing Systems)
3. External sources:
=>The competition
=>The market

Marketing MIS Subsystems and Outputs

1. Marketing research
=>Web based market research
2. Product development
3. Promotion and advertising
4. Product pricing

Financial Management Information System (MIS)

Financial Management Information System (MIS)

             Financial MIS Provides financial information to all financial managers within an organization. It integrates financial & operational information from multiple sources. Financial MIS eases analysis by providing fast financial data. It enables financial analysis from different aspects; time, product, customer. With Financial MIS, one can analyze historical and current data. Also one can monitor use of funds. Few examples or functions of Financial MIS are Costing, P&L reporting, Auditing, Funds management, etc.

Overview of a Financial MIS

Inputs to the Financial Information System

• Strategic plan or corporate policies
• Contains major financial objectives and often projects financial needs.
• Transaction processing system (TPS)
• Important financial information collected from almost every TPS – payroll, inventory control, order processing, accounts payable, accounts receivable, general ledger.
• External sources
• Annual reports and financial statements of competitors and general news items.

Financial MIS Subsystems and Outputs

• Financial subsystems
• Profit/loss and cost systems
• Auditing
• Internal auditing
• External auditing
• Uses and management of funds

Information System (IS) and Information Technology (IT)

            This term is a very popular one these days. Everyone is talking about Information System and how this thing is connected or related closely with computer science. As a matter of fact, this is no doubt true. Information System is a brunch of computer science, where computer science is playing the role of the mother or root subject. Information System cannot exist excluding it.

           So, what is Information System? To be brief, an Information System (or according to some people, Application Landscape) is some kind of combination of information technology and the activities of people associated to support and execute the necessary operations and management of the system with the responsibility of decision-making. It's a system of people and technology depending on each other to achieve some common goal. The very name suggests not only this co-operation of man and machine, but also the way in which the interactions between them work in support of various business processes.

           Information Technology is distinct from Information System as the later is generally seen as a component of the former one, i.e. communication technology. Information System also helps to control and manage the activities and performance of a business process; hence they are not identical too. An Information System can be viewed as a work system where all activities are devoted to different types of digital processing.